Reinforcement learning offers efficient solutions for optimizing complex decision-making tasks through continuous state-action-reward cycle with real-time adaptability. This work presents twin delayed ...

This paper proposed the additional fractional gradient descent identification algorithm based on the multi-innovation principle for autoregressive exogenous models. This algorithm incorporates an ...

The most widely used technique for finding the largest or smallest values of a math function turns out to be a fundamentally difficult computational problem. Many aspects of modern applied research ...